GIMP - GNU 图像处理程序

GIMP - GNU 图像处理程序

GIMP 2.99 用户手册，2024-11-07

版权 © 2002-2024 GIMP 文档团队

版权 © 2009 Aron Xu (aronxu@gnome.org)

版权 © 2021 bee (idleman@yeah.net)

法律提示

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.

目录

1. GIMP 用户手册作者及贡献者

1. 欢迎使用 GIMP

1.1. Known Platforms
1.2. History of GIMP
1.3. GIMP's Help system
1.4. 特性和功能

2. GIMP 有什么新功能

2. Starting GIMP

1. 运行 GIMP

1.1. Changing the Language
1.2. 命令行参数
1.3. Configuration Folders
1.4. Tips and Tricks

3. 开始使用GIMP的第一步

1. 基本概念

2. 主窗口

2.1. 工具箱
2.2. 图像窗口
2.3. 对话框和停靠

3.1. 不可撤销的操作

4. 常见任务

4.1. 动机
4.2. 针对屏幕更改图像的大小
4.3. 针对打印更改图像的大小
4.4. 压缩图像
4.5. 裁剪图像
4.6. 查找有关您的图像的信息
4.7. 更改模式
4.8. 翻转图像
4.9. 旋转图像
4.10. 将对象与其背景分离

5. 如何画直线

5.1. 动机
5.2. 示例

4. What to do if you are stuck

1. Introduction

2. GIMP无响应的常见原因

2.1. 有浮动选区
2.2. 选区被隐藏
2.3. You are acting outside the selection
2.4. 活动可绘制对象不可见
2.5. 活动可绘制对象是透明的
2.6. 您试图在层外操作
2.7. You are trying to act on a layer group
2.8. 图像处于索引颜色模式。
2.9. No visible effect when trying to use a brush, eraser or other tool
2.10. No visible effect when trying to use the move tool, rotate or other transform tool
2.11. 橡皮擦和画笔不起作用
2.12. Eraser does not make area transparent
2.13. Unexpected colors when trying to use a brush or eraser
2.14. The crop tool leaves an empty area after cropping
2.15. I've been waiting for a long time and GIMP is not responding
2.16. General guidelines on what to check if you are stuck

3. How to fix missing windows and dialogs

3.1. All tool windows are missing
3.2. Tool options dialog is missing
3.3. Some of the tool icons are missing
3.4. The area showing the opened images at the top is missing

4. How to fix problems exporting images

4.1. I am exporting to a jpeg image and my transparent area turned white or black
4.2. I am exporting to a gif image and the colors changed

II. 我如何成为GIMP向导？

5. 将图像导入 GIMP

1. 图像类型
2. 创建新文件
3. 打开图像

6. 从 GIMP 中获取图像

1.1. 保存/导出图像
1.2. 文件格式

2. 为网络准备图像

2.1. 具有最佳尺寸/质量比的图像
2.2. 进一步缩小文件大小
2.3. 保存带有透明度的图像

7. 用 GIMP 绘画

1.1. Feathering
1.2. Making a Selection Partially Transparent

2. Creating and Using Selections

2.1. Moving or Resizing a Selection
2.2. Adding or subtracting selections

3. The Quick Mask

3.1. 预览
3.2. 属性
3.3. Using Quick Mask Mode

4.1. Path Creation
4.2. Path Properties
4.3. Paths and Selections
4.4. Transforming Paths
4.5. Stroking a Path
4.6. Paths and Text
4.7. Paths and SVG files

5.1. Adding New Brushes
5.2. Creating animated brushes
5.3. Changing brush size
5.4. Creating a brush quickly

6. Gradients

7. Patterns

8. 调色板

8.1. 颜色图

10. Drawing Simple Objects

10.1. Drawing a Straight Line
10.2. Creating a Basic Shape

8. 合并图像

1. 图层简介

1.1. Layer Properties

2. Layer Modes

2.1. Normal Layer Modes
2.2. Lighten Layer Modes
2.3. Darken Layer Modes
2.4. Contrast Layer Modes
2.5. Inversion Layer Modes
2.6. HSV Components Layer Modes
2.7. LCh Components Layer Modes

3. Legacy Layer Modes

4. Creating New Layers

5. Layer Groups

9. 文本管理

1. 文本管理

1.1. Text Area
1.2. Managing Text Layer
1.3. Text Toolbox
1.4. Text Context Menu

2.1. Adding Fonts
2.2. Font Problems

10. 增强照片

1. Working with Digital Camera Photos

1.1. Introduction
1.2. Improving Composition
1.3. Improving Colors
1.4. Adjusting Sharpness
1.5. Removing Unwanted Objects from an Image
1.6. Saving Your Results

11. 使用 GIMP 进行色彩管理

1. GIMP 中的色彩管理

1.1. Problems of a non Color Managed Workflow
1.2. Introduction to a Color Managed Workflow

12. 丰富我的 GIMP

1. Grids and Guides

1.1. The Image Grid
1.2. Guides

2. Creating Shortcuts to Menu Commands

3. Customize Splash-Screen

13. Scripting and writing plug-ins

1. Plug-Ins

1.1. 简介
1.2. Using Plug-Ins
1.3. Installing New Plug-Ins
1.4. Writing Plug-ins

2. 使用 Script-Fu 脚本

2.1. Script-Fu?
2.2. Installing Script-Fu scripts
2.3. Do's and Don'ts
2.4. 两种不同的 Script-Fu

3. A Script-Fu Tutorial

3.1. Getting Acquainted With Scheme
3.2. Variables And Functions
3.3. Lists, Lists And More Lists
3.4. Your First Script-Fu Script
3.5. Adding Additional Functionality
3.6. Extending The Text Box Script
3.7. Your script and its working

4. A Python plug-in writing Tutorial

4.1. The basic elements of a plug-in for GIMP

III. 函数参考

1. The Toolbox

1.1. Introduction
1.2. Tool Icons
1.3. Color and Indicator Area
1.4. Tool Options

2. Selection Tools

2.1. Common Features
2.2. Rectangle Selection
2.3. Ellipse Selection
2.4. Free Selection (Lasso)
2.5. 前景选择
2.6. Fuzzy Selection (Magic wand)
2.7. Select By Color
2.8. Scissors Select

3. Paint Tools

3.1. Common Features
3.2. Dynamics
3.3. Brush Tools (Pencil, Paintbrush, Airbrush)
3.4. 油漆桶填充
3.5. 梯度
3.6. 铅笔
3.7. 画笔
3.8. 橡皮
3.9. 喷枪
3.10. 墨水
3.11. MyPaint Brush
3.12. 克隆
3.13. 复原
3.14. 透视克隆
3.15. Blur/Sharpen
3.16. 涂抹
3.17. 减淡/加深

4. Transform Tools

4.1. Common Features
4.2. Align and Distribute
4.3. 移动
4.4. 剪裁
4.5. 旋转
4.6. 缩放
4.7. 切变
4.8. 透视
4.9. 3D Transform
4.10. Unified Transform
4.11. Handle Transform
4.12. 翻转
4.13. Cage Transform
4.14. Warp Transform

5. Other Tools

5.1. Overview
5.2. Paths
5.3. Text
5.4. Color Picker
5.5. Measure
5.6. Zoom
5.7. GEGL Operation

15. 对话框

1. Dialog Introduction

2. Image Structure Related Dialogs

2.1. Layers Dialog
2.2. Channels Dialog
2.3. Paths Dialog
2.4. Colormap Dialog
2.5. Histogram Dialog
2.6. Navigation Dialog
2.7. Undo History Dialog

3. Image-content Related Dialogs

3.1. FG/BG Color Dialog
3.2. Brushes Dialog
3.3. MyPaint Brushes Dialog
3.4. Patterns Dialog
3.5. Gradients Dialog
3.6. Palettes Dialog
3.7. Tagging
3.8. Fonts Dialog

4. Image Management Related Dialogs

4.1. Buffers Dialog
4.2. Images Dialog
4.3. Document History Dialog
4.4. Templates Dialog

5. File related Dialogs

5.1. Open Image
5.2. Import File Formats
5.3. Save File
5.4. Export File
5.5. Export File Formats

6. Preferences Dialog

6.1. 简介
6.2. System Resources
6.3. Debugging
6.4. Color Management
6.5. Image Import and Export
6.6. Experimental Playground
6.7. Tool Options
6.8. Default Image Preferences
6.9. Default Image Grid
6.10. Interface
6.11. Theme
6.12. Icon Theme
6.13. 工具箱
6.14. Dialog Defaults
6.15. Help System
6.16. Display
6.17. Window Management
6.18. Canvas Interaction
6.19. Canvas Interaction: Modifiers
6.20. Canvas Interaction Snapping Behavior
6.21. Image Windows
6.22. Image Window Appearance
6.23. Image Window Title and Statusbar
6.24. Input Devices
6.25. Input Controllers
6.26. Folders
6.27. Data Folders

7. Miscellaneous Dialogs

7.1. Welcome Dialog
7.2. Tool Presets Dialog
7.3. Tool Preset Editor
7.4. Device Status Dialog
7.5. Error Console
7.6. Dashboard
7.7. Sample Points Dialog
7.8. Pointer Dialog
7.9. Symmetry Painting Dialog
7.10. Keyboard Shortcuts Dialog

1. Introduction to Menus

1.1. The Main Menu
1.2. Context Menus
1.3. Tab menus

2. “文件”菜单

2.1. Overview
2.2. New…
2.3. Create
2.4. Open…
2.5. Open as Layers…
2.6. Open Location…
2.7. Open Recent
2.8. 保存
2.9. Save As…
2.10. Save a Copy…
2.11. Revert
2.12. Export… and Overwrite…
2.13. Export As…
2.14. Create Template…
2.15. Print
2.16. Send by Email
2.17. Copy Image Location
2.18. Show in File Manager
2.19. Close View
2.20. Close All
2.21. Quit

3. “编辑”菜单

3.1. “Edit” Menu Entries
3.2. Undo
3.3. Redo
3.4. Undo History
3.5. Cut
3.6. Copy
3.7. Copy Visible
3.8. Paste
3.9. Paste In Place
3.10. Paste as
3.11. Buffer
3.12. Clear
3.13. Fill with FG Color
3.14. Fill with BG Color
3.15. Fill with Pattern
3.16. Fill Selection Outline
3.17. Fill Paths
3.18. Stroke Selection
3.19. Stroke Paths
3.20. Preferences
3.21. Input Devices
3.22. Keyboard Shortcuts
3.23. Modules
3.24. Units

4. The “Select” Menu

4.1. Introduction to the “Select” Menu
4.2. Select All
4.3. None
4.4. Invert
4.5. Float
4.6. By Color
4.7. Selection From Paths
4.8. Selection Editor
4.9. Feather
4.10. Sharpen
4.11. Shrink
4.12. Grow
4.13. Border
4.14. Remove Holes
4.15. Distort
4.16. Rounded Rectangle
4.17. Toggle Quick Mask
4.18. Save to Channel
4.19. To Path

5. The “View” Menu

5.1. Introduction to the “View” Menu
5.2. New View
5.3. Show All
5.4. Dot for Dot
5.5. Zoom
5.6. Flip & Rotate (0°)
5.7. Center Image in Window
5.8. Shrink Wrap
5.9. Full Screen
5.10. Navigation Window
5.11. Display Filters
5.12. Color Management
5.13. Show Selection
5.14. Show Layer Boundary
5.15. Show Canvas Boundary
5.16. Show Guides
5.17. Show Grid
5.18. Show Sample Points
5.19. Snap to Guides
5.20. Snap to Grid
5.21. Snap to Canvas
5.22. Snap to Active Path
5.23. Snap to Bounding Boxes
5.24. Snap to Equidistance
5.25. Padding Color
5.26. Show Menubar
5.27. Show Rulers
5.28. Show Scrollbars
5.29. Show Statusbar

6. The “Image” Menu

6.1. Overview
6.2. Duplicate
6.3. Mode
6.4. RGB mode
6.5. Grayscale mode
6.6. Indexed mode
6.7. Encoding
6.8. Color Management
6.9. Use sRGB Profile
6.10. Assign Color Profile
6.11. Convert to Color Profile
6.12. Discard Color Profile
6.13. Save Color Profile to File
6.14. Transform
6.15. Flip Horizontally; Flip Vertically
6.16. Rotation
6.17. Canvas Size
6.18. Fit Canvas to Layers
6.19. Fit Canvas to Selection
6.20. Print Size
6.21. Scale Image
6.22. Crop Image
6.23. Slice Using Guides
6.24. Zealous Crop
6.25. Merge Visible Layers
6.26. Flatten Image
6.27. Align Visible Layers…
6.28. Guides
6.29. New Guide (by Percent)
6.30. New Guide
6.31. New Guides from Selection
6.32. Remove all Guides
6.33. Configure Grid…
6.34. Image Properties
6.35. Metadata
6.36. Metadata Editor
6.37. Metadata Viewer

7. The “Layer” Menu

7.1. Introduction to the “Layer” Menu
7.2. New Layer
7.3. New from Visible
7.4. New Layer Group
7.5. Duplicate layers
7.6. Anchor Floating Layer or Mask
7.7. Merge Down
7.8. Merge Layer Groups
7.9. Delete Layers
7.10. The Text Commands of the Layer Menu
7.11. Discard Text Information
7.12. Text to Path
7.13. Text along Path
7.14. “Stack” Submenu
7.15. Select Previous Layers
7.16. Select Next Layers
7.17. Select Top Layer
7.18. Select Bottom Layer
7.19. Raise Layers
7.20. Lower Layers
7.21. Layers to Top
7.22. Layers to Bottom
7.23. Reverse Layer Order
7.24. The “Mask” Submenu
7.25. Add Layer Masks
7.26. Apply Layer Masks
7.27. Delete Layer Masks
7.28. Show Layer Masks
7.29. Edit Layer Mask
7.30. Disable Layer Masks
7.31. Masks to Selection
7.32. Add Masks to Selection
7.33. Subtract Masks from Selection
7.34. Intersect Masks with Selection
7.35. The “Transparency” Submenu
7.36. Add Alpha Channel
7.37. Remove Alpha Channel
7.38. Color to Alpha
7.39. Semi-Flatten
7.40. Threshold Alpha
7.41. Alpha to Selection
7.42. Add Alpha to Selection
7.43. Subtract Alpha from Selection
7.44. Intersect Alpha with Selection
7.45. The “Transform” Submenu
7.46. Flip Horizontally
7.47. Flip Vertically
7.48. Rotate 90° clockwise
7.49. Rotate 90° counter-clockwise
7.50. Rotate 180°
7.51. Arbitrary Rotation
7.52. Offset
7.53. Layer Boundary Size
7.54. Layers to Image Size
7.55. Scale Layer
7.56. Resize Layers to Selection
7.57. Crop Layers to Content

8. The “Colors” Menu

9. The “Tools” Menu

9.1. Introduction to the “Tools” Menu

10. The “Filters” Menu

10.1. Introduction to the “Filters” Menu
10.2. 重复上次
10.3. Re-Show Last
10.4. 重置所有滤镜
10.5. The “Development” Submenu
10.6. The “Python-Fu” Submenu
10.7. The “Script-Fu” Submenu

11. “Windows” Menu

12. “帮助”菜单

12.1. “帮助”菜单简介
12.2. 帮助
12.3. Context Help
12.4. User Manual
12.5. 每日提醒
12.6. Welcome Dialog
12.7. Search and Run a Command
12.8. 插件浏览器
12.9. The Procedure Browser
12.10. GIMP online
12.11. 关于

2. Common Features

3. 模糊滤镜

3.1. Introduction
3.2. Focus Blur
3.3. Gaussian Blur
3.4. Lens Blur
3.5. Mean Curvature Blur
3.6. Median Blur
3.7. Pixelize
3.8. Selective Gaussian Blur
3.9. Variable Blur
3.10. Circular Motion Blur
3.11. Linear Motion Blur
3.12. Zoom Motion Blur
3.13. Tileable Blur

4. 增强滤镜

4.1. Introduction
4.2. Antialias
4.3. Deinterlace
4.4. High Pass
4.5. Noise Reduction
4.6. Red Eye Removal
4.7. Symmetric Nearest Neighbor
4.8. Sharpen (Unsharp Mask)
4.9. Despeckle
4.10. NL Filter
4.11. Wavelet Decompose

5. 扭曲滤镜

5.1. Introduction
5.2. Apply Lens
5.3. Emboss
5.4. Engrave
5.5. Lens Distortion
5.6. Kaleidoscope
5.7. Mosaic
5.8. Newsprint
5.9. Polar Coordinates
5.10. Ripple
5.11. Shift
5.12. Spherize
5.13. Value Propagate
5.14. Video Degradation
5.15. Waves
5.16. Whirl and Pinch
5.17. Wind
5.18. Blinds
5.19. Curve Bend
5.20. Page Curl

6. 光照和阴影滤镜

6.1. Introduction
6.2. Bloom
6.3. Supernova
6.4. Lens Flare
6.5. Gradient Flare
6.6. Lighting Effects
6.7. Sparkle
6.8. Drop Shadow
6.9. Long Shadow
6.10. Vignette
6.11. Drop Shadow (legacy)
6.12. Perspective
6.13. Xach-Effect

7. 噪音滤镜

7.1. Introduction
7.2. CIE lch Noise
7.3. HSV Noise
7.4. Hurl
7.5. Pick
7.6. RGB Noise
7.7. Slur
7.8. Spread

8. 边缘侦测滤镜

8.1. Introduction
8.2. Difference of Gaussians
8.3. Edge
8.4. Laplace
8.5. Neon
8.6. Sobel
8.7. Image Gradient

9. 通用滤镜

9.1. Introduction
9.2. Convolution Matrix
9.3. Distance Map
9.4. Normal Map
9.5. Dilate
9.6. Erode
9.7. GEGL Graph

10. 组合滤镜

10.1. Introduction
10.2. Depth Merge
10.3. Filmstrip

11. 艺术滤镜

11.1. Introduction
11.2. Apply Canvas
11.3. Cartoon
11.4. Cubism
11.5. Glass Tile
11.6. Oilify
11.7. Photocopy
11.8. Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC)
11.9. Softglow
11.10. Waterpixels
11.11. Clothify
11.12. GIMPressionist
11.13. Van Gogh (LIC)
11.14. Weave

12. 装饰滤镜

12.1. Introduction
12.2. Add Bevel
12.3. Add Border
12.4. Fog
12.5. Fuzzy Border
12.6. Old Photo
12.7. Round Corners
12.8. Slide
12.9. Stain
12.10. Stencil Carve
12.11. Stencil Chrome

13. 映射滤镜

13.1. Introduction
13.2. Bump Map
13.3. Displace
13.4. Fractal Trace
13.5. Illusion
13.6. Little Planet
13.7. Panorama Projection
13.8. Recursive Transform
13.9. Paper Tile
13.10. Tile Seamless
13.11. Map Object
13.12. Small Tiles
13.13. Tile
13.14. Warp

14. 渲染滤镜

14.1. Introduction
14.2. Flame
14.3. Fractal Explorer
14.4. IFS Fractal
14.5. Cell Noise
14.6. Perlin Noise
14.7. Plasma
14.8. Simplex Noise
14.9. Solid Noise
14.10. Difference Clouds
14.11. Bayer Matrix
14.12. Checkerboard
14.13. Diffraction Patterns
14.14. Grid
14.15. Linear Sinusoid
14.16. Maze
14.17. Sinus
14.18. Spiral
14.19. Checkerboard (legacy)
14.20. CML Explorer
14.21. Grid (legacy)
14.22. Jigsaw
14.23. Qbist
14.24. Circuit
14.25. Gfig
14.26. Lava
14.27. Line Nova
14.28. Sphere Designer
14.29. Spyrogimp

15. Web 滤镜

15.1. 介绍
15.2. Image Map
15.3. Semi-Flatten

16. 卡通滤镜

16.1. 介绍
16.2. Blend
16.3. Burn-In
16.4. Optimize
16.5. Playback
16.6. Rippling
16.7. Spinning Globe
16.8. Waves

I. 键盘鼠标操作参考

文件 — 文件菜单的键盘操作参考
编辑 — 编辑菜单的键盘操作参考
选择 — 选择菜单的键盘操作参考
视图 — 视图菜单的键盘操作参考
图像 — 图像菜单的键盘操作参考
图层 — 图层菜单的键盘操作参考
工具 — 工具菜单的键盘操作参考
滤镜 — 滤镜菜单的键盘操作参考
窗口 — 窗口菜单的键盘操作参考
帮助 — 帮助菜单的键盘操作参考
缩放工具 — 缩放工具菜单的键盘操作参考

参考文献

A. 提交错误报告和请求改进

1. 确定它的确是个 BUG
2. 提交 BUG

B. How to Contribute

1. Prerequisites

1.1. Join Discourse
1.2. Create a Local Working Copy of Code
1.3. Installing your sandbox
1.4. The gimp-help folder

2. Workflow

2.1. Writing
2.2. Validating
2.3. Images
2.4. Create HTML Files
2.5. Sending your files

4. Working under Windows

C. Tone Mapping and Shadow Recovery Using GIMP’s Colors → Exposure…

1. High bit depth GIMP’s floating point Exposure operation: much better than Curves for lightening the shadows and midtones of an image without blowing the highlights
2. A step-by-step example showing how to recover shadow information using high bit depth GIMP’s floating point Colors → Exposure… operation
3. Use Notes
4. Conclusion

D. GNU 自由文本授权

1. 导言
2. 效力与定义
3. 逐字的复制
4. 大量地复制
5. 修改
6. 组合文件
7. 文件的收集
8. 独立作品的聚集
9. 翻译
10. 终止
11. 本授权的未来改版
12. 授权附录：如何使用本授权用于你的文件

E. 哎呀！缺少帮助


		前言

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