Intervalas (procentai)

„Spacing“ is the distance between consecutive brush marks when you trace out a brushstroke with the pointer. You must consider drawing with a brush, whatever the paint tool, like stamping. If Spacing is low, stamps will be very close and stroke look continuous. If spacing is high, stamps will be separated: that's interesting with a color brush (like „green pepper“ for instance). Value varies from 1 to 200 and this percentage refers to brush „diameter“: 100% is one diameter.

Aprašymas

Pasirinkus teptuką Teptukų dialoge (tinklelio veiksena) bus rodomas šio teptuko pavadinimas.

Langelio dydis

That is size of cells you will cut up in layers. Default is one cell per layer and size is that of the layer. Then there is only one brush aspect per layer.

Galite turėti tik vieną didelį sluoksnį ir padalinti jį į langelius, kuriuos naudosite skirtingoms animuoto teptuko padėtims.

For instance, we want a 100×100 pixels brush with 8 different aspects. We can take these 8 aspects from a 400×200 pixels layer, or from a 300×300 pixels layer but with one cell unused.

Langelių skaičius

Tai langelių skaičius (vienas langelis vienoje padėtyje), kuris bus padalintas kiekviename sluoksnyje. Numatytasis yra sluoksnių skaičius, kadangi vienoje padėtyje yra tik vienas sluoksnis.

Display as

This tells how cells have been arranged in layers. If, for example, you have placed height cells at the rate of two cells per layer on four layers, GIMP will display: 1 rows of 2 columns on each layer.

Dimension, Ranks, Selection dropdown

Čia jau sudėtingiau! Reikia paaiškinti kaip išdėstyti langelius ir sluoksnius.

GIMP starts retrieving cells from each layer and stacks them into a FIFO stack (First In First Out: the first in is at the top of the stack and so can be first out). In our example 4 layers with 2 cells in each, we'll have, from top to bottom: first cell of first layer, second cell of first layer, first cell of second layer, second cell of second layer, …, second cell of fourth layer. With one cell per layer or with several cells per layer, result is the same. You can see this stack in the Layers Dialog of the resulting .gih image file.

GIMP iš šio dėklo sukuria kompiuterinį masyvą, su jūsų nustatytais Matmenimis. Galite naudoti keturis matmenis.

In computer science an array has a „myarray(x,y,z)“ form for a 3 dimensions array (3D). It's easy to imagine a 2D array: on a paper it's an array with rows and columns

With a 3d array we don't talk rows and columns but Dimensions and Ranks. The first dimension is along x axis, the second dimension along y axis, the third along z axis. Each dimension has ranks of cells.

To fill up this array, GIMP starts retrieving cells from the top of stack. The way it fills the array reminds that of an odometer: right rank digits turn first and, when they reach their maximum, left rank digits start running. If you have some memories of Basic programming you will have, with an array(4,2,2), the following succession: (1,1,1),(1,1,2),(1,2,1),(1,2,2),(2,1,1),(2,1,2),(2,2,2),(3,1,1),…, (4,2,2). We will see this later in an example.

Besides the rank number that you can give to each dimension, you can also give them a Selection mode. You have several modes that will be applied when drawing:

Incremental

GIMP selects a rank from the concerned dimension according to the order ranks have in that dimension.

Angular

GIMP selects a rank in the concerned dimension according to the moving angle of the brush.

The first rank is for the direction 0°, upwards. The other ranks are affected, clockwise, to an angle whose value is 360/number of ranks. So, with 4 ranks in the concerned dimension, the angle will move 90° clockwise for each direction change: second rank will be affected to 90° (rightwards), third rank to 180° (downwards) and fourth rank to 270° (-90°) (leftwards).

Random

GIMP selects a rank at random from the concerned dimension.

Velocity, Pressure, Xtilt, Ytilt

These options are for sophisticated drawing tablets.

Pavyzdžiai

Vienmatis paveikslėlio vamzdis

Gerai! O kam visa tai naudojama? Mes tą pamatysime palaipsniui, naudodami pavyzdžius. Iš tikrųjų kiekviename matmens atvejyje galite teptukui priskirti atitinkamą veiksmą.

Let us start with a 1D brush which will allow us to study selection modes action. We can imagine it like this:

Follow these steps:

1. Select File → New… from the main menu.

   Set Width and Height for example to 30 pixels.

   In the Advanced Options, set the Color space to RGB color and set Fill with to Transparency.

   Using the Text tool create 4 layers „1“, „2“, „3“, „4“. Delete the „background“ layer.

2. Select File → Save… from the main menu to first save your image as an .xcf file to keep its properties.

   Select File → Export As… from the main menu to export the image as an animated brush with the .gih extension.

   Export the image with a .gbr extension in the brushes directory in your personal GIMP folder. The location of this folder depends on your OS:

   • Linux: /home/user_name/.config/GIMP/2.99/

   • macOS: /Users/user_name/Library/Application Support/GIMP/2.99/

   • Windows: C:\Users\user_name\AppData\Roaming\GIMP\2.99\

3. In the Export Image as Brush Pipe dialog, provide a Description, set the Spacing (percent) to 100, set the Cell size to 30×30, set Dimension to 1, and set Ranks to 4, and the Selection drop-down to incremental. Then click the Export button.

4. In the Brush Dialog, click on the button Refresh brushes .

   Your brush appears among the other brushes. You can use it immediately, without restarting GIMP.

   Select your brush. Select pencil tool for instance and click and hold with it on a new image:

   

   You see 1, 2, 3, 4 digits following one another in order.

5. Take your .xcf image file back and save it as .gih setting the Selection drop-down to random:

   

   Digits will be displayed at random order.

6. Now set the Selection drop-down to angular:

   

Trimatė paveikslėlių žarna

Dabar sukursime trimatį animuotą teptuką: jo padėtis kis nuo teptuko krypties, reguliariai bus keičiamos kairė / dešinė rankos, o jo spalva atsitiktinai keisis tarp juodos ir mėlynos.

The first question we have to answer to is the number of images that is necessary. We reserve the first dimension (x) to the brush direction (4 directions). The second dimension (y) is for Left/Right alternation and the third dimension (z) for color variation. Such a brush is represented in a 3D array „myarray(4,2,2)“:

There are 4 ranks in first dimension (x), 2 ranks in second dimension (y) and 2 ranks in third dimension (z). Thus there are 4×2×2 = 16 cells. We need 16 images.

1. Creating images of dimension 1 (x)

   Open a new 30×30 pixels image, RGB with Transparent Fill Type. Using the zoom draw a left hand with fingers upwards.^[2] Save it as handL0k.xcf (hand Left 0° Black).

   Open the Layers Dialog. Double click on the layer to open the Layer Attributes Dialog and rename it to handL0k.

   Duplicate the layer. Let visible only the duplicated layer, select it and apply Layer → Transform → Rotate 90° clockwise. Rename it to handL90k.

   Repeat the same operations to create handL180k and handL-90k (or handL270k).

2. Creating images of dimension 2 (y)

   This dimension in our example has two ranks, one for left hand and the other for right hand. The left hand rank exists yet. We shall build right hand images by flipping it horizontally.

   Duplicate the handL0k layer. Let it visible only and select it. Rename it to handR0K. Apply Layer → Transform → Flip Horizontally.

   Norėdami sukurti dešinės rankos atitikmenis, pakartokite tą pačią operaciją kitiems kairės rankoms sluoksniams.

   Re-order layers to have a clockwise rotation from top to bottom, alternating Left and Right: handL0k, handR0k, handL90k, handR90k, …, handR-90k.

3. Creating images of dimension 3 (z)

   3 matmens (z) paveikslėlių kūrimas: Trečiasis matmuo turi du rangus, vieną juodai spalvai, o kitą mėlynai spalvai. Pirmasis rangas, juodas, – jau yra. Pamatysime kad 3 matmens paveikslėliai bus 2 matmens paveikslėlių kopijos (mėlynos spalvos). Taigi turėsime 16 paveikslėlių. Tačiau 16 sluoksnių eilutę valdyti nelengva: naudosime sluoksnius su dviem paveikslėliais.

   Select the handL0k layer and let it visible only. Use Image → Canvas Size… to change the canvas size to 60×30 pixels.

   Sukurkite sluoksnio ranka0j kopiją. Naudodami Užpildymo įrankį, kopijoje ranką užpildykite mėlyna spalva.

   Now, select the Move tool. Double click on it to accede to its properties: check Move the Current Layer option. Move the blue hand into the right part of the layer precisely with the help of Zoom.

   Make sure only handL0k and its blue copy are visible. Right click on the Layers dialog: Apply the Merge Visible Layers command with the option Expand as Necessary. You get a 60×30 pixels layer with the black hand on the left and the blue hand on the right. Rename it to „handsL0“.

   Tą pačią operaciją pakartokite ir kituose sluoksniuose.

4. Set layers in order

   Layers must be set in order so that GIMP can find the required image at some point of using the brush. Our layers are yet in order but we must understand more generally how to have them in order. There are two ways to imagine this setting in order. The first method is mathematical: GIMP divides the 16 layers first by 4; that gives 4 groups of 4 layers for the first dimension. Each group represents a direction of the brush. Then, it divides each group by 2; that gives 8 groups of 2 layers for the second dimension: each group represents a L/R alternation. Then another division by 2 for the third dimension to represent a color at random between black and blue.

   Kitas metodas – vaizdinis, naudojant masyvo vaizdavimą. Dviejų būdų tarpusavio ryšys pavaizduotas šiame paveikslėlyje:

   

   How will GIMP read this array?: GIMP starts with the first dimension which is programmed for „angular“, for instance 90°. In this 90° rank, in yellow, in the second dimension, it selects a L/R alternation, in an „incremental“ way. Then, in the third dimension, in a random way, it chooses a color. Finally, our layers must be in the following order:

   

5. Voilà. Your brush is ready. Save it as .xcf first, then export as .gih with the following parameters:

   • Spacing: 100

   • Description: Hands

   • Cell Size: 30×30

   • Number of cells: 16

   • Dimensions: 3

     • 1 matmuo: 4 rangų pasirinkimas: kampinis

     • 2 matmuo: 2 rangų pasirinkimas: didėjantis

     • 3 matmuo: 2 rangų pasirinkimas: atsitiktinis

   Place your .gih file into the GIMP brush directory and refresh the brush box (see steps above). You can now use your brush.

   Pav. 7.19. Tai yra elipsinio pažymėjimo apvedimo teptuku rezultatas:

   

   This brush alternates right hand and left hand regularly, black and blue color at random, direction according to four brush directions.