General

Allow editing on non-visible layers

You can edit layers with disabled visibility (the eye icon in the layer dock).

Save tool options on exit

Self-explanatory

Save Tool Options Now

Self-explanatory

Reset Saved Tool Options To Default Values

Self-explanatory

Scaling

Default interpolation

When you scale something, each pixel in the result is calculated by interpolating several pixels in the source. This option determines the default interpolation method: it can always be changed, though, in the Interpolation settings of the Transform Tool Options.

The available interpolation methods are described in detail in the Interpolation documentation of the Transform tools.

Paint Options Shared Between Tools

Brush, Dynamics, Pattern, Gradient, Expand Layers

You can decide here whether changing the brush etc for one tool should cause the new item to be used for all tools, or whether each individual tool (pencil, paintbrush, airbrush, etc) should remember the item that was last used for it specifically.

Move Tool

Set layer or path as active

You can decide here whether changing the current layer or path when using the move tool and without pressing any key.