GNU Image Manipulation Program

GIMP 2.99 User Manual, 19/03/2024

Legal Notice

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.


Índice

Preface
1. GIMP Manual do Utilizador Autores e Colaboradores
I. Getting Started
1. Introduction
1. Welcome to GIMP
1.1. Authors
1.2. The GIMP Help system
1.3. Features and Capabilities
2. O que há de novo no GIMP
2. Fire up GIMP
1. Executando o GIMP
1.1. Plataformas conhecidas
1.2. Idioma
1.3. Argumentos da Linha de Comando
2. Configuration Folders
2.1. Tips and Tricks
3. First Steps with GIMP
1. Conceitos básicos
2. Janelas principais
2.1. A Caixa de ferramentas
2.2. Janela de Imagem
2.3. Caixas de diálogo e de encaixe
3. Anulando
3.1. Coisas que não podem ser desfeitas
4. Common Tasks
4.1. Intention
4.2. Change the Size of an Image for the screen
4.3. Change the Size of an Image for print
4.4. Compressing Images
4.5. Crop An Image
4.6. Find Info About Your Image
4.7. Change the Mode
4.8. Flip An Image
4.9. Rotate An Image
4.10. Separating an Object From Its Background
5. How to Draw Straight Lines
5.1. Intention
5.2. Examples
4. What to do if you are stuck
1. Introduction
2. Common Causes of GIMP Non-Responsiveness
2.1. There is a floating selection
2.2. The selection is hidden
2.3. You are acting outside the selection
2.4. The active drawable is not visible
2.5. The active drawable is transparent
2.6. You are trying to act outside the layer
2.7. You are trying to act on a layer group
2.8. The image is in indexed color mode.
2.9. No visible effect when trying to use a brush, eraser or other tool
2.10. No visible effect when trying to use the move tool, rotate or other transform tool
2.11. Eraser and brushes no longer work
2.12. Eraser does not make area transparent
2.13. Unexpected colors when trying to use a brush or eraser
2.14. The crop tool leaves an empty area after cropping
2.15. I've been waiting for a long time and GIMP is not responding
2.16. General guidelines on what to check if you are stuck
3. How to fix missing windows and dialogs
3.1. All tool windows are missing
3.2. Tool options dialog is missing
3.3. Some of the tool icons are missing
3.4. The area showing the opened images at the top is missing
4. How to fix problems exporting images
4.1. I am exporting to a jpeg image and my transparent area turned white or black
4.2. I am exporting to a gif image and the colors changed
II. How do I Become a GIMP Wizard?
5. Getting Images into GIMP
1. Tipos de imagem
2. Criando novos arquivos
3. Opening Images
6. Getting Images out of GIMP
1. Files
1.1. Save / Export Images
1.2. File Formats
2. Preparing your Images for the Web
2.1. Images with an Optimal Size/Quality Ratio
2.2. Reducing the File Size Even More
2.3. Saving Images with Transparency
7. Painting with GIMP
1. A Seleção
1.1. Suavização (Enevoar)
1.2. Tornando uma seleção parcialmente transparente
2. Creating and Using Selections
2.1. Moving or Resizing a Selection
2.2. Adding or subtracting selections
3. The Quick Mask
3.1. Visão geral
3.2. Propriedades
4. Using Quick Mask Mode
5. Paths
5.1. Path Creation
5.2. Path Properties
5.3. Paths and Selections
5.4. Transforming Paths
5.5. Stroking a Path
5.6. Paths and Text
5.7. Paths and SVG files
6. Pincéis
7. Adding New Brushes
8. The GIH Dialog Box
9. Changing brush size
9.1. How to change the size of a brush
9.2. Creating a brush quickly
10. Gradientes
11. Texturas
12. Paletas
12.1. Mapa de cores indexadas
13. Predefinições
14. Drawing Simple Objects
14.1. Drawing a Straight Line
14.2. Creating a Basic Shape
8. Combining Images
1. Introdução a Camadas
1.1. Propriedades da camada
2. Modos de Camada
2.1. Normal Layer Modes
2.2. Lighten Layer Modes
2.3. Darken Layer Modes
2.4. Contrast Layer Modes
2.5. Inversion Layer Modes
2.6. HSV Components Layer Modes
2.7. LCh Components Layer Modes
3. Legacy Layer Modes
4. Creating New Layers
5. Grupos de camadas
9. Text Management
1. Gestão de textos
1.1. Área de texto
1.2. Gerenciando a camada de texto
1.3. Text Toolbox
1.4. Text Context Menu
2. Text
2.1. Adding Fonts
2.2. Font Problems
10. Enhancing Photographs
1. Working with Digital Camera Photos
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Improving Composition
1.3. Improving Colors
1.4. Adjusting Sharpness
1.5. Removing Unwanted Objects from an Image
1.6. Saving Your Results
11. Color Management with GIMP
1. Gestão de cores no GIMP
1.1. Problemas de um fluxo de trabalho sem gestão de cores
1.2. Introdução a um fluxo de trabalho de gestão de cor
12. Enrich my GIMP
1. Grades e guias
1.1. A Grade da imagem
1.2. Guias
2. Rendering a Grid
3. Creating Shortcuts to Menu Commands
4. Customize Splash-Screen
13. Scripting and writing plug-ins
1. Plug-Ins
1.1. Introdução
1.2. Using Plug-Ins
1.3. Installing New Plug-Ins
1.4. Writing Plug-ins
2. Usando Scripts do tipo Script-Fu
2.1. Script-Fu?
2.2. Installing Script-Fu scripts
2.3. O que fazer e o que não fazer
2.4. Diferentes tipos de Script-Fus
3. A Script-Fu Tutorial
3.1. Getting Acquainted With Scheme
3.2. Variables And Functions
3.3. Lists, Lists And More Lists
3.4. Your First Script-Fu Script
3.5. Adding Additional Functionality
3.6. Extending The Text Box Script
3.7. Your script and its working
4. A Python plug-in writing Tutorial
4.1. The basic elements of a plug-in for GIMP
III. Function Reference
14. Tools
1. The Toolbox
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Tool Icons
1.3. Color and Indicator Area
1.4. Tool Options
2. Selection Tools
2.1. Common Features
2.2. Rectangle Selection
2.3. Ellipse Selection
2.4. Free Selection (Lasso)
2.5. Foreground Select
2.6. Fuzzy Selection (Magic wand)
2.7. Select By Color
2.8. Intelligent Scissors
3. Paint Tools
3.1. Common Features
3.2. Dynamics
3.3. Brush Tools (Pencil, Paintbrush, Airbrush)
3.4. Bucket Fill
3.5. Gradient
3.6. Pencil
3.7. Paintbrush
3.8. Eraser
3.9. Airbrush
3.10. Ink
3.11. MyPaint Brush
3.12. Clone
3.13. Heal
3.14. Perspective Clone
3.15. Blur/Sharpen
3.16. Smudge
3.17. Dodge/Burn
4. Transform Tools
4.1. Common Features
4.2. Align and Distribute
4.3. Move
4.4. Crop
4.5. Rotate
4.6. Scale
4.7. Shear
4.8. Perspective
4.9. 3D Transform
4.10. Unified Transform
4.11. Handle Transform
4.12. Flip
4.13. Cage Transform
4.14. Warp Transform
5. Other Tools
5.1. Overview
5.2. Paths
5.3. Text
5.4. Color Picker
5.5. Measure
5.6. Zoom
15. Dialogs
1. Dialog Introduction
2. Image Structure Related Dialogs
2.1. Layers Dialog
2.2. Channels Dialog
2.3. Paths Dialog
2.4. Colormap Dialog
2.5. Histogram Dialog
2.6. Navigation Dialog
2.7. Undo History Dialog
3. Image-content Related Dialogs
3.1. FG/BG Color Dialog
3.2. Brushes Dialog
3.3. MyPaint Brushes Dialog
3.4. Patterns Dialog
3.5. Gradients Dialog
3.6. Palettes Dialog
3.7. Tagging
3.8. Fonts Dialog
4. Image Management Related Dialogs
4.1. Buffers Dialog
4.2. Images Dialog
4.3. Document History Dialog
4.4. Templates Dialog
5. File related Dialogs
5.1. Open Image
5.2. Import File Formats
5.3. Save File
5.4. Export File
5.5. Export File Formats
6. Preferences Dialog
6.1. Introdução
6.2. System Resources
6.3. Debugging
6.4. Color Management
6.5. Image Import and Export
6.6. Experimental Playground
6.7. Tool Options
6.8. Default Image Preferences
6.9. Default Image Grid
6.10. Interface
6.11. Theme
6.12. Icon Theme
6.13. Caixa de ferramentas
6.14. Dialog Defaults
6.15. Help System
6.16. Ecrã
6.17. Window Management
6.18. Image Windows
6.19. Image Window Appearance
6.20. Image Window Title and Statusbar
6.21. Image Window Snapping Behavior
6.22. Input Devices
6.23. Input Controllers
6.24. Folders
6.25. Data Folders
7. Miscellaneous Dialogs
7.1. Tool Presets Dialog
7.2. Tool Preset Editor
7.3. Device Status Dialog
7.4. Error Console
7.5. Dashboard
7.6. Sample Points Dialog
7.7. Pointer Dialog
7.8. Symmetry Painting Dialog
7.9. Keyboard Shortcuts Dialog
16. Menus
1. Introduction to Menus
1.1. The Main Menu
1.2. Context Menus
1.3. Tab menus
2. The File Menu
2.1. Overview
2.2. New…
2.3. Create
2.4. Open…
2.5. Open as Layers…
2.6. Open Location…
2.7. Open Recent
2.8. Save
2.9. Save as…
2.10. Save a Copy…
2.11. Revert
2.12. Export… and Overwrite…
2.13. Export As…
2.14. Create Template…
2.15. Print
2.16. Send by Email
2.17. Copy Image Location
2.18. Show in File Manager
2.19. Close
2.20. Close all
2.21. Quit
3. The Edit Menu
3.1. Edit Menu Entries
3.2. Undo
3.3. Redo
3.4. Undo History
3.5. Cut
3.6. Copy
3.7. Copy Visible
3.8. Paste
3.9. Paste Into Selection
3.10. Paste In Place
3.11. Paste Into Selection In Place
3.12. Paste as
3.13. Buffer
3.14. Clear
3.15. Fill with FG Color
3.16. Fill with BG Color
3.17. Fill with Pattern
3.18. Fill Selection Outline
3.19. Fill Path
3.20. Stroke Selection
3.21. Stroke Paths
3.22. Preferences
3.23. Input Devices
3.24. Keyboard Shortcuts
3.25. Modules
3.26. Units
4. The Select Menu
4.1. Introduction to the Select Menu
4.2. Select All
4.3. None
4.4. Invert
4.5. Float
4.6. By Color
4.7. From Path
4.8. Selection Editor
4.9. Feather
4.10. Sharpen
4.11. Shrink
4.12. Grow
4.13. Border
4.14. Remove Holes
4.15. Distort
4.16. Rounded Rectangle
4.17. Toggle Quick Mask
4.18. Save to Channel
4.19. To Path
5. The View Menu
5.1. Introduction to the View Menu
5.2. New View
5.3. Show All
5.4. Dot for Dot
5.5. Zoom
5.6. Flip & Rotate (0°)
5.7. Center Image in Window
5.8. Shrink Wrap
5.9. Full Screen
5.10. Navigation Window
5.11. Display Filters
5.12. Color Management
5.13. Show Selection
5.14. Show Layer Boundary
5.15. Show Canvas Boundary
5.16. Show Guides
5.17. Show Grid
5.18. Show Sample Points
5.19. Snap to Guides
5.20. Snap to Grid
5.21. Snap to Canvas
5.22. Snap to Active Path
5.23. Padding Color
5.24. Show Menubar
5.25. Show Rulers
5.26. Show Scrollbars
5.27. Show Statusbar
6. The Image Menu
6.1. Overview
6.2. Duplicate
6.3. Mode
6.4. RGB mode
6.5. Grayscale mode
6.6. Indexed mode
6.7. Encoding
6.8. Color Management
6.9. Use sRGB Profile
6.10. Assign Color Profile
6.11. Convert to Color Profile
6.12. Discard Color Profile
6.13. Save Color Profile to File
6.14. Transform
6.15. Flip Horizontally; Flip Vertically
6.16. Rotation
6.17. Canvas Size
6.18. Fit Canvas to Layers
6.19. Fit Canvas to Selection
6.20. Print Size
6.21. Scale Image
6.22. Crop Image
6.23. Slice Using Guides
6.24. Zealous Crop
6.25. Merge Visible Layers
6.26. Flatten Image
6.27. Align Visible Layers…
6.28. Guides
6.29. New Guide (by Percent)
6.30. New Guide
6.31. New Guides from Selection
6.32. Remove all Guides
6.33. Configure Grid…
6.34. Image Properties
6.35. Metadata
6.36. Metadata Viewer
6.37. Metadata Editor
7. The Layer Menu
7.1. Introduction to the Layer Menu
7.2. New Layer
7.3. New From Visible
7.4. New Layer Group
7.5. Duplicate layer
7.6. Anchor layer
7.7. Merge Down
7.8. Merge Layer Group
7.9. Delete Layer
7.10. The Text Commands of the Layer Menu
7.11. Discard Text Information
7.12. Stack Submenu
7.13. Select Previous Layers
7.14. Select Next Layers
7.15. Select Top Layer
7.16. Select Bottom Layer
7.17. Raise Layer
7.18. Lower Layer
7.19. Layer to Top
7.20. Layer to Bottom
7.21. The Reverse Layer Order command
7.22. The Mask Submenu
7.23. Add Layer Masks
7.24. Apply Layer Mask
7.25. Delete Layer Mask
7.26. Show Layer Masks
7.27. Edit Layer Mask
7.28. Disable Layer Masks
7.29. Masks to Selection
7.30. Add Layer Mask to Selection
7.31. Subtract Layer Mask from Selection
7.32. Intersect Layer Mask with Selection
7.33. The Transparency Submenu of the Layer menu
7.34. Add Alpha Channel
7.35. Remove Alpha Channel
7.36. Color to Alpha
7.37. Semi-flatten
7.38. Threshold Alpha
7.39. Alpha to Selection
7.40. Add Alpha channel to Selection
7.41. Subtract Alpha from Selection
7.42. Intersect Alpha channel with Selection
7.43. The Transform Submenu
7.44. Flip Horizontally
7.45. Flip Vertically
7.46. Rotate 90° clockwise
7.47. Rotate 90° counter-clockwise
7.48. Rotate 180°
7.49. Arbitrary Rotation
7.50. Offset
7.51. Layer Boundary Size
7.52. Layer to Image Size
7.53. Scale Layer
7.54. Resize Layers to Selection
7.55. Crop Layers to Content
8. The Colors Menu
8.1. Introduction to the Colors Menu
8.2. Color Balance
8.3. Color Temperature
8.4. Hue Chroma
8.5. Hue-Saturation
8.6. Saturation
8.7. Exposure
8.8. Shadows-Highlights
8.9. Brightness-Contrast
8.10. Levels
8.11. Curves
8.12. Invert
8.13. Linear Invert
8.14. Value Invert
8.15. The Auto Submenu
8.16. Equalize
8.17. White Balance
8.18. Stretch Contrast
8.19. Stretch Contrast HSV
8.20. Color Enhance
8.21. The Components Submenu
8.22. Channel Mixer
8.23. Extract Component
8.24. Mono Mixer
8.25. Compose
8.26. Decompose
8.27. Recompose
8.28. The Desaturate Submenu
8.29. Color to Gray
8.30. Desaturate
8.31. Mono Mixer
8.32. Sepia
8.33. The Map Submenu
8.34. Rearrange Colormap
8.35. Set Colormap
8.36. Alien Map
8.37. Color Exchange
8.38. Rotate Colors
8.39. Gradient Map
8.40. Palette Map
8.41. Sample Colorize
8.42. The Tone Mapping Submenu
8.43. Fattal et al. 2002
8.44. Mantiuk 2006
8.45. Reinhard 2005
8.46. Stress
8.47. Destripe
8.48. Retinex
8.49. The Info Submenu
8.50. Histogram
8.51. Border Average
8.52. Export Histogram
8.53. Smooth Palette
8.54. Threshold
8.55. Colorize
8.56. Posterize
8.57. Color to Alpha…
8.58. Dither
8.59. RGB Clip
8.60. Hot…
9. The Tools Menu
9.1. Introduction to the Tools Menu
10. The Filters Menu
10.1. Introduction to the Filters Menu
10.2. Repeat Last
10.3. Re-Show Last
10.4. Reset All Filters
10.5. The Python-Fu Submenu
10.6. The Script-Fu Submenu
11. Windows Menu
12. The Help Menu
12.1. Introduction to the Help Menu
12.2. Ajuda
12.3. Ajuda por contexto
12.4. Dica do dia
12.5. Acerca
12.6. Search and Run a Command
12.7. Navegador Plug-In
12.8. O navegador de procedimentos
12.9. Bug Reports and Feature Requests
12.10. GIMP online
12.11. User Manual
17. Filters
1. Introduction
2. Common Features
3. Blur Filters
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Focus Blur
3.3. Gaussian Blur
3.4. Lens Blur
3.5. Mean Curvature Blur
3.6. Median Blur
3.7. Pixelize
3.8. Selective Gaussian Blur
3.9. Variable Blur
3.10. Circular Motion Blur
3.11. Linear Motion Blur
3.12. Zoom Motion Blur
3.13. Tileable Blur
4. Enhance Filters
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Antialias
4.3. Deinterlace
4.4. High Pass
4.5. Noise Reduction
4.6. Red Eye Removal
4.7. Symmetric Nearest Neighbor
4.8. Sharpen (Unsharp Mask)
4.9. Despeckle
4.10. NL Filter
4.11. Wavelet Decompose
5. Distort Filters
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Apply Lens
5.3. Emboss
5.4. Engrave
5.5. Lens Distortion
5.6. Kaleidoscope
5.7. Mosaic
5.8. Newsprint
5.9. Polar Coordinates
5.10. Ripple
5.11. Shift
5.12. Spherize
5.13. Value Propagate
5.14. Video Degradation
5.15. Waves
5.16. Whirl and Pinch
5.17. Wind
5.18. Curve Bend
5.19. Page Curl
6. Light and Shadow Filters
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Bloom
6.3. Supernova
6.4. Lens Flare
6.5. Gradient Flare
6.6. Lighting Effects
6.7. Sparkle
6.8. Drop Shadow
6.9. Long Shadow
6.10. Vignette
6.11. Drop Shadow (legacy)
6.12. Perspective
6.13. Xach-Effect
7. Noise Filters
7.1. Introduction
7.2. CIE lch Noise
7.3. HSV Noise
7.4. Hurl
7.5. Pick
7.6. RGB Noise
7.7. Slur
7.8. Spread
8. Edge-Detect Filters
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Difference of Gaussians
8.3. Edge
8.4. Laplace
8.5. Neon
8.6. Sobel
8.7. Image Gradient
9. Generic Filters
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Convolution Matrix
9.3. Distance Map
9.4. GEGL Operation
9.5. GEGL Graph
9.6. Normal Map
9.7. Dilate
9.8. Erode
10. Combine Filters
10.1. Introdução
10.2. Unir profundidade
10.3. Película de filme
11. Artistic Filters
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Apply Canvas
11.3. Cartoon
11.4. Cubism
11.5. Glass Tile
11.6. Oilify
11.7. Photocopy
11.8. Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC)
11.9. Softglow
11.10. Waterpixels
11.11. Clothify
11.12. GIMPressionist
11.13. Van Gogh (LIC)
11.14. Weave
12. Decor Filters
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Add Bevel
12.3. Add Border
12.4. Coffee Stain
12.5. Fog
12.6. Fuzzy Border
12.7. Old Photo
12.8. Round Corners
12.9. Slide
12.10. Stencil Carve
12.11. Stencil Chrome
13. Map Filters
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Bump Map
13.3. Displace
13.4. Fractal Trace
13.5. Illusion
13.6. Little Planet
13.7. Panorama Projection
13.8. Recursive Transform
13.9. Paper Tile
13.10. Tile Seamless
13.11. Map Object
13.12. Tile
14. Rendering Filters
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Flame
14.3. Fractal Explorer
14.4. IFS Fractal
14.5. Cell Noise
14.6. Perlin Noise
14.7. Plasma
14.8. Simplex Noise
14.9. Solid Noise
14.10. Difference Clouds
14.11. Bayer Matrix
14.12. Checkerboard
14.13. Diffraction Patterns
14.14. Grid
14.15. Linear Sinusoid
14.16. Maze
14.17. Sinus
14.18. Spiral
14.19. Checkerboard (legacy)
14.20. CML Explorer
14.21. Grid (legacy)
14.22. Jigsaw
14.23. Qbist
14.24. Circuit
14.25. Gfig
14.26. Lava
14.27. Line Nova
14.28. Sphere Designer
14.29. Spyrogimp
15. Web Filters
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Image Map
15.3. Semi-Flatten
16. Animation Filters
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Blend
16.3. Burn-In
16.4. Rippling
16.5. Spinning Globe
16.6. Waves
16.7. Optimize
16.8. Playback
I. Keys and Mouse Reference
File — Key reference for the File menu
Edit — Key reference for Edit menu
Select — Key reference for Select menu
View — Key reference for View menu
Image — Key reference for Image menu
Layers — Key reference for Layer menu
Tools — Key reference for the Tools menu
Filters — Key reference for Filters menu
Windows — Key reference for Windows menu
Help — Key reference for Help menu
Zoom tool — Key reference for the Zoom tool
Glossary
Bibliografia
A. GIMP History
1. The Very Beginning
2. The Early Days of GIMP
3. The One to Change the World
4. Versão 2.0
5. What's New in GIMP 2.2?
6. What's New in GIMP 2.4?
7. What's New in GIMP 2.6?
8. What's New in GIMP 2.8?
9. What's new in GIMP 2.10?
B. Reporting Bugs and Requesting Enhancements
1. Making sure it's a Bug
2. Reporting the Bug
C. How to Contribute
1. Pré-requisitos
1.1. Join Discourse
1.2. Create a Local Working Copy of Code
1.3. Installing your sandbox
1.4. The gimp-help folder
2. Fluxo de trabalho
2.1. A gravar
2.2. Validating
2.3. Imagens
2.4. Create HTML Files
2.5. Sending your files
3. Annexes
4. Working under Windows
D. Tone Mapping and Shadow Recovery Using GIMP’s ColorsExposure…
1. High bit depth GIMP’s floating point Exposure operation: much better than Curves for lightening the shadows and midtones of an image without blowing the highlights
2. A step-by-step example showing how to recover shadow information using high bit depth GIMP’s floating point ColorsExposure… operation
3. Use Notes
4. Conclusão
E. GNU Free Documentation License
1. PREAMBLE
2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
3. VERBATIM COPYING
4. COPYING IN QUANTITY
5. MODIFICATIONS
6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
9. TRANSLATION
10. TERMINATION
11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
12. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
F. Eeek! There is Missing Help
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